Nora Douglas Holt and other black Chicago musicians form the Chicago Musical Association.

The “new” Southern University campus opens in Scotlandville, Louisiana, with 9 teachers and 47 students.

After three years of controversy, the United States Senate refuses to seat P.B.S. Pinchback, who was elected as Louisiana senator in 1873.

The Supreme Court’s Dred Scott ruling denies citizenship to all Black Americans.

Mary Wilson of “The Supremes” is born in Detroit, Michigan.

The Missouri Compromise allows Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state.

Crispus Attucks is killed in the Boston Massacre, marking the start of the American Revolution.

Zensi Miriam Makeba, “Empress of African Song,” is born in Prospect Township, South Africa.

Journalist Ida B. Wells-Barnett demonstrates for female suffrage in Washington, D.C.

Garrett Morgan, inventor of the traffic light, is born in Paris, Kentucky.